유전과 사람

(서울=연합뉴스) 강훈상 성혜미 기자 = 성범죄나 살인 등 강력범죄자의 유전자(DNA)가 수사기관의 데이터베이스에 반영구적으로 보관된다.

   법무부는 이런 내용을 골자로 행정안전부와 공동으로 발의한 `DNA 신원확인정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률' 제정안이 20일 국무회의를 통과했다고 밝혔다.

   이 법안에 따르면 DNA를 채취, 보관하는 대상범죄는 재범우려와 피해 정도가 큰 살인, 아동ㆍ청소년 상대 성폭력범죄, 강간ㆍ추행, 강도, 방화, 약취·유인, 특수체포ㆍ감금, 상습폭력, 조직폭력, 마약, 특수절도 등 12개 유형이다.

   검ㆍ경은 이들 범죄로 형이 확정된 피고인이나 구속피의자의 동의를 받아 구강 점막에서 면봉으로 DNA를 채취하고 해당자가 동의하지 않으면 법원에서 `DNA 감식시료 채취 영장'을 발부받아 강제 채취한다.

   이 법안이 국회 본회의를 통과해 시행되면 시행일을 기준으로 이들 범죄 혐의의 수형자를 비롯해 벌금형 이상의 유죄가 확정된 자, 구속된 피의자, 범죄현장의 유류품에서 채취한 DNA가 데이터베이스에 저장된다.

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During capillary electrophoresis, the products of the cycle sequencing reaction are injected electrokinetically into capillaries filled with polymer. High voltage is applied so that the negatively charged DNA fragments move through the polymer in the capillaries toward the positive electrode.

 
A high voltage is applied so that the negatively charged DNA fragments move through the polymer in the capillaries toward the positive electrode (Figure 1). Capillary electrophoresis can resolve DNA molecules that differ in molecular weight by only one nucleotide.

Figure 1: Fluorescently labeled DNA fragments move through a capillary			Figure 2: DNA fragments pass through a laser beam and optical detector

After electrophoresis, data collection software creates a sample file of the raw data. Using downstream software applications, further data analysis is required to translate the collected color-data images into the corresponding nucleotide bases.

Primary Analysis

These tools convert the images gathered during Data Collection into all four colors, representing the four corresponding nucleotide bases (Figure 1). For example, our Sequence Analysis Software is a primary analysis tool that must be used after collection is completed. The Sequence Analysis software application allows users to basecall and re-basecall, trim data ends, display, edit and print sample files. Primary analysis software processes the your raw data in an *.ab1 file using algorithms and applies the following analysis settings to the results:

• Basecalling
  The selected basecaller processes the fluorescence signals, then assigns a base to each peak (A, C, G, T, or N). If the KB™ basecaller is used, it also provides per-base quality value predictions, optional mixed base calling, and automatic identification of failed samples.

  Figure 1: Primary Analysis Software results display each of the 4 bases as a different color

• Mobility Shift Correction
  The mobility file compensates for the change in DNA fragment mobility caused by the dye molecule attached to the DNA fragment and changes the color designation of bases depending on the type of chemistry used to label the DNA.
• Quality Value (QV)
  If the KB basecaller is used for analysis, the software assigns a QV for each base. The QV predicts the probability of a basecall error. For example, a QV of 20 predicts an error rate of 1%. The quality prediction algorithm is calibrated to return QVs that conform to the industry-standard relationship established by the Phred software. If your pipeline involves analysis with Phred software to assign QVs after the data is basecalled, you can simplify your workflow and use the KB basecaller instead. The KB basecaller can perform basecalling and assign QVs. Then, you can generate *phd.1 or *.scf files using the KB basecaller to integrate with your downstream pipeline.

Secondary Analysis